FINANCIAL RESILIENCE IN THE QUARTER-LIFE CRISIS PHASE GROUP: ANALYSIS OF THE ROLES OF FINANCIAL LITERACY, FINANCIAL PLANNING, SELF-EFFICACY AND INCOME
Keywords:
Keywords : financial literacy; financial planning; self-efficacy; income; financial resilience; quarter-life crisis phase.
Abstract
Financial Resilience is the ability to withstand and recover when faced with challenging economic conditions. This study aims to examine the influence of financial literacy, financial planning, self-efficacy, and income on the financial resilience of individuals in the quarter-life crisis phase. The research employed a quantitative approach, and data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0 software. A total of 255 respondents were obtained through purposive sampling and online questionnaires. The research findings conclude that financial literacy and financial planning positively and significantly impact financial resilience. However, self-efficacy and income do not positively influence financial resilience.
References
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Anasuri, S., & Anthony, K. (2018). Resilience Levels Among College Students: A Comparative Study fromTwo Southern States inthe USA.
Asmin, E. A., Ali, M., Nohong, M., & Mardiana, R. (2021). The Effect of Financial Self-Efficacy and Financial Knowledge on Financial Management Behavior. Golden Ratio of Finance Management, 1(1), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v1i1.59
Aulia, N., Yuliati, L. N., & Muflikhati, I. (2019). Kesejahteraan Keuangan Keluarga Usia Pensiun: Literasi Keuangan, Perencanaan Keuangan Hari Tua, dan Kepemilikan Aset. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 12(1), 38–51. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2019.12.1.38
Baiq Fitri Arianti & Khoirunnisa Azzahra. (2020). Faktor - Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Literasi Keuangan: Studi Kasus UMKM Kota Tangerang Selatan. Jurnal Manajemen dan Keuangan, 9(2), 156–171. https://doi.org/10.33059/jmk.v9i2.2635
Balzarie, E. N., & Nawangsih, E. (2019). Kajian Resiliensi pada Mahasiswa Bandung yang Mengalami Quarter Life Crisis. 5(2).
Barbera, C., Jones, M., Korac, S., Saliterer, I., & Steccolini, I. (2017). Governmental financial resilience under austerity in Austria, England and Italy: How do local governments cope with financial shocks? Public Administration, 95(3), 670–697. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12350
Bari, A. F., Yunanto, A., & Shaferi, I. (2020). The Role of Financial Self Efficacy in Moderating Relationships Financial Literacy and Financial Management Behavior.
Bialowolski, P., Cwynar, A., & Weziak-Bialowolska, D. (2022). The role of financial literacy for financial resilience in middle-age and older adulthood. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 40(7), 1718–1748. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-10-2021-0453
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Ervina et al. (2020). Financial Literasi dan financial Planning dampaknya terhadap Ketahanan Keuangan Keluarga di Masa Pandemi. Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian (SNHP).
Fadhilah, F., Sudirman, S., & Zubair, A. G. H. (2022). Quarter Life Crisis pada Mahasiswa ditinjau dari Faktor Demografi.
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Hirvonen. (2018). Financial behavior and well-being of young adults: Effects of self-control and optimism.
Ida, I., Zaniarti, S., & Wijaya, G. E. (2020). FINANCIAL LITERACY, MONEY ATTITUDE, DAN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR GENERASI MILENIAL. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 4(2), 406. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmieb.v4i2.9144
Kass-Hanna, J., Lyons, A. C., & Liu, F. (2021). Building financial resilience through financial and digital literacy in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Klapper, L., & Lusardi, A. (2020). Financial literacy and financial resilience: Evidence from around the world. Financial Management, 49(3), 589–614. https://doi.org/10.1111/fima.12283
Korah, E. C. T. (2022). The Role Of Family Functioning In The Quarter-Life Crisis In Early Adulthood During The Covid-19 Pandemic.
Kusdiana, Y., & Safrizal, S. (2022). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Perencanaan Keuangan Keluarga. JAS (Jurnal Akuntansi Syariah), 6(1), 127–139. https://doi.org/10.46367/jas.v6i1.580
Lee, S., & Chen, G. (2021). Understanding financial resilience from a resource-based view: Evidence from US state governments. Public Management Review, 24, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2021.1955951
Luh Regita Eka Pratiwi, & Krisnawati, A. (2020). PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN TERHADAP FINANCIAL SELF-EFFICACY PADA USIA PRODUKTIF DI KABUPATEN BULELENG, BALI. Jurnal Mitra Manajemen, 4(2), 171–183. https://doi.org/10.52160/ejmm.v4i2.338
Lyons, A. C., Kass-Hanna, J., Liu, F., Greenlee, A. J., & Zeng, L. (2020). Building Financial Resilience through Financial and Digital Literacy in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
McKnight, A., & Rucci, M. (2020). The financial resilience of households: 22 country study with new estimates, breakdowns by household characteristics and a review of policy options.
Merdiaty, N., Omar, K., Saputra, J., & Bon, A. T. (2021). A Review of Resilience and Well-being in Human Resource Management Perspective Literature.
Nguyen, M.-H., Khuc, Q. V., La, V.-P., Le, T.-T., Nguyen, Q.-L., Jin, R., Nguyen, P.-T., & Vuong, Q.-H. (2022). Mindsponge-Based Reasoning of Households’ Financial Resilience during the COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(11), 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15110542
Nkundabanyanga, S. K., Mugumya, E., Nalukenge, I., Muhwezi, M., & Najjemba, G. M. (2019). Firm characteristics, innovation, financial resilience and survival of financial institutions. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 10(1), 48–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-08-2018-0094
Ouachani, S., Belhassine, O., & Kammoun, A. (2020). Measuring financial literacy: A literature review. Managerial Finance, 47(2), 266–281. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-04-2019-0175
Palací, F., Jiménez, I., & Topa, G. (2018). Too soon to worry? Longitudinal examination of financial planning for retirement among Spanish aged workers. PLOS ONE, 13(12), e0209434. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209434
Pandin, M. Y. R., Ratnawati, T., & Yuhertiana, I. (2021). The Influence of Financial Structure, Financial Literacy and Financial Behavior on Household Financial Resillience Using Financial Inclusion and Financial Decision as Intervening Variable on Cancer Survivors Household in East Java During Covid-19. 04(01).
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Prameswari, A. P. (2020). Student’s Financial Knowledge and Financial Resilience.
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Rahmania, F. A., & Tasaufi, M. N. F. (2020). Terapi Kelompok Suportif untuk Menurunkan Quarter-Life Crisis pada Individu Dewasa Awal di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. 2.
Rieger, M. O. (2020). How to Measure Financial Literacy? Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(12), 324. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13120324
Rizkiawati, & Asandimitra. (2018). Pengaruh Demografi, Financial Knowledge, Financial Attitude, Locus of Control Dan Financial Self-Efficacy Terhadap Financial Management Behavior Masyarakat Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen (JIM), 6(3). 6.
Salignac, F., Marjolin, A., Reeve, R., & Muir, K. (2019). Conceptualizing and Measuring Financial Resilience: A Multidimensional Framework. Social Indicators Research, 145(1), 17–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02100-4
Sari, M. A. P. (2021). PROGRAM STUDI PSIKOLOGI FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA 202.
Setyorini, N., Indiworo, R. H. E., & Sutrisno, S. (2021). The Role Financial Literacy and Financial Planning to Increase Financial Resilience: Household Behaviour as Mediating Variable. Media Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 36(2), 243. https://doi.org/10.24856/mem.v36i2.2179
Sinaga, R. A., & Chen, Y.-S. (2021). The Effect of Income and Job Type on Students’ Self-Efficacy and Achievement of Migrant Workers in Taiwan.
Streeter, M., & Lusardi, A. (2021). How to Strengthen Household Financial Resilience.
Sucianah, A., & Yuhertiana, I. (2021). Gender Memoderasi Financial Literacy dan Financial Behavior terhadap Ketahanan Keuangan Rumah Tangga Milenial Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Proaksi, 8(2), 428–438. https://doi.org/10.32534/jpk.v8i2.2020
Susanti, A., Ismunawan, ., Pardi, ., & Ardyan, E. (2018). Tingkat Pendidikan, Literasi Keuangan, dan Perencanaan Keuangan terhadap Perilaku Keuangan UMKM di Surakarta. Telaah Bisnis, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.35917/tb.v18i1.93
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Ulumudiniati, M., & Asandimitra, N. (2022). Pengaruh Financial Literacy, Financial Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, Parental Income, Dan Love Of Money terhadap Financial Management Behavior: Lifestyle sebagai Mediasi.
Vuong, Q.-H. (2022). Mindsponge Theory [Preprint]. Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/hd6g7
Wibowo, A. S. (2017). Matra Kehidupan Sebuah Refleksi Melawati Fresh Graduate Syndrome & Quarter Life Crisis. PT Elex Media Komputindo.
Widiawati. (2020). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Locus of Control, Financial Self Efficacy, dan Love of Money terhadap Manajemen Keuangan Pribadi. Prisma (Platfrom Riset Mahasiswa Akuntasi).
Yuesti, A., Rustiarini, N. W., & Suryandari, N. N. A. (2020). Financial literacy in the COVID-19 pandemic: Pressure conditions in Indonesia. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 8(1), 884–898. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2020.8.1(59)
Yusup, D. K., Jubaedah, D., & Saepullah, U. (2020). Pengaruh Income dan Latte Factor Terhadap Daya Tahan Keuangan.
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Adam, E., Panjaitan, R., Sumarlin, T., & Andriana, M. (2021). Financial Well-Being Resilience: Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion Toward Financial Attitude. 18.
Agarwal, S., Guntuku, S. C., Robinson, O. C., Dunn, A., & Ungar, L. H. (2020). Examining the Phenomenon of Quarter-Life Crisis Through Artificial Intelligence and the Language of Twitter. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 341. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00341
Amalia Nusron, L., Wahidiyah, M., & Setyo Budiarto, D. (2018). Antecedent Factors of Financial Management Behavior: An Empirical Research Based on Education. KnE Social Sciences, 3(10), 437. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i10.3146
Amalia, R., Suroso, & Pratitis, N. T. (2021). Psychological Well Being, Self Efficacy dan Quarter Life Crisis pada Dewasa Awal.
Anasuri, S., & Anthony, K. (2018). Resilience Levels Among College Students: A Comparative Study fromTwo Southern States inthe USA.
Asmin, E. A., Ali, M., Nohong, M., & Mardiana, R. (2021). The Effect of Financial Self-Efficacy and Financial Knowledge on Financial Management Behavior. Golden Ratio of Finance Management, 1(1), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v1i1.59
Aulia, N., Yuliati, L. N., & Muflikhati, I. (2019). Kesejahteraan Keuangan Keluarga Usia Pensiun: Literasi Keuangan, Perencanaan Keuangan Hari Tua, dan Kepemilikan Aset. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 12(1), 38–51. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2019.12.1.38
Baiq Fitri Arianti & Khoirunnisa Azzahra. (2020). Faktor - Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Literasi Keuangan: Studi Kasus UMKM Kota Tangerang Selatan. Jurnal Manajemen dan Keuangan, 9(2), 156–171. https://doi.org/10.33059/jmk.v9i2.2635
Balzarie, E. N., & Nawangsih, E. (2019). Kajian Resiliensi pada Mahasiswa Bandung yang Mengalami Quarter Life Crisis. 5(2).
Barbera, C., Jones, M., Korac, S., Saliterer, I., & Steccolini, I. (2017). Governmental financial resilience under austerity in Austria, England and Italy: How do local governments cope with financial shocks? Public Administration, 95(3), 670–697. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12350
Bari, A. F., Yunanto, A., & Shaferi, I. (2020). The Role of Financial Self Efficacy in Moderating Relationships Financial Literacy and Financial Management Behavior.
Bialowolski, P., Cwynar, A., & Weziak-Bialowolska, D. (2022). The role of financial literacy for financial resilience in middle-age and older adulthood. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 40(7), 1718–1748. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-10-2021-0453
Denny, E. K. (2022). Crisis, Resilience, and Civic Engagement: Pandemic-Era Census Completion. Perspectives on Politics, 20(2), 577–594. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592721002024
Ervina et al. (2020). Financial Literasi dan financial Planning dampaknya terhadap Ketahanan Keuangan Keluarga di Masa Pandemi. Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian (SNHP).
Fadhilah, F., Sudirman, S., & Zubair, A. G. H. (2022). Quarter Life Crisis pada Mahasiswa ditinjau dari Faktor Demografi.
Farahdilla, D., & Dewi, A. S. (2022). PENGARUH FINANCIAL LITERACY, FINANCIAL ATTITUDE DAN DEMOGRAFI PADA FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 6(3), 973–982. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v6i3.2451
Ghozali, I. (2021). Partial Least Squares, Konsep, Teknik Dan Applikasi Menggunakan Program SmartPLS 3.2.9 Untuk Penelitian Empiris (Ed.3).
Graziano, M. S. A. (2022). A conceptual framework for consciousness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(18), e2116933119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2116933119
Hassan, N. M., Kassim, E. S., & Maon, S. N. (2018). Factors Influencing Individual Financial Resilience in facing Economic Crisis: Does Financial Literacy really help? International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(11), Pages 1613-1623. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i11/5284
Hidayah, A. P. N., Purbawangsa, I. B. A., & Abundanti, N. (2021). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Perencanaan Keuangan dan Pendapatan terhadap Kesejahteraan Keuangan Guru Perempuan di Kota Denpasar. E-Jurnal Manajemen Universitas Udayana, 10(7), 672. https://doi.org/10.24843/EJMUNUD.2021.v10.i07.p03
Hirvonen. (2018). Financial behavior and well-being of young adults: Effects of self-control and optimism.
Ida, I., Zaniarti, S., & Wijaya, G. E. (2020). FINANCIAL LITERACY, MONEY ATTITUDE, DAN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR GENERASI MILENIAL. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 4(2), 406. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmieb.v4i2.9144
Kass-Hanna, J., Lyons, A. C., & Liu, F. (2021). Building financial resilience through financial and digital literacy in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Klapper, L., & Lusardi, A. (2020). Financial literacy and financial resilience: Evidence from around the world. Financial Management, 49(3), 589–614. https://doi.org/10.1111/fima.12283
Korah, E. C. T. (2022). The Role Of Family Functioning In The Quarter-Life Crisis In Early Adulthood During The Covid-19 Pandemic.
Kusdiana, Y., & Safrizal, S. (2022). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Perencanaan Keuangan Keluarga. JAS (Jurnal Akuntansi Syariah), 6(1), 127–139. https://doi.org/10.46367/jas.v6i1.580
Lee, S., & Chen, G. (2021). Understanding financial resilience from a resource-based view: Evidence from US state governments. Public Management Review, 24, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2021.1955951
Luh Regita Eka Pratiwi, & Krisnawati, A. (2020). PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN TERHADAP FINANCIAL SELF-EFFICACY PADA USIA PRODUKTIF DI KABUPATEN BULELENG, BALI. Jurnal Mitra Manajemen, 4(2), 171–183. https://doi.org/10.52160/ejmm.v4i2.338
Lyons, A. C., Kass-Hanna, J., Liu, F., Greenlee, A. J., & Zeng, L. (2020). Building Financial Resilience through Financial and Digital Literacy in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
McKnight, A., & Rucci, M. (2020). The financial resilience of households: 22 country study with new estimates, breakdowns by household characteristics and a review of policy options.
Merdiaty, N., Omar, K., Saputra, J., & Bon, A. T. (2021). A Review of Resilience and Well-being in Human Resource Management Perspective Literature.
Nguyen, M.-H., Khuc, Q. V., La, V.-P., Le, T.-T., Nguyen, Q.-L., Jin, R., Nguyen, P.-T., & Vuong, Q.-H. (2022). Mindsponge-Based Reasoning of Households’ Financial Resilience during the COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(11), 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15110542
Nkundabanyanga, S. K., Mugumya, E., Nalukenge, I., Muhwezi, M., & Najjemba, G. M. (2019). Firm characteristics, innovation, financial resilience and survival of financial institutions. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 10(1), 48–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-08-2018-0094
Ouachani, S., Belhassine, O., & Kammoun, A. (2020). Measuring financial literacy: A literature review. Managerial Finance, 47(2), 266–281. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-04-2019-0175
Palací, F., Jiménez, I., & Topa, G. (2018). Too soon to worry? Longitudinal examination of financial planning for retirement among Spanish aged workers. PLOS ONE, 13(12), e0209434. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209434
Pandin, M. Y. R., Ratnawati, T., & Yuhertiana, I. (2021). The Influence of Financial Structure, Financial Literacy and Financial Behavior on Household Financial Resillience Using Financial Inclusion and Financial Decision as Intervening Variable on Cancer Survivors Household in East Java During Covid-19. 04(01).
Pramedi, & Hartono. (2021). Pengaruh Financial Literacy, Financial Knowledge, Financial Attitude, dan Financial Self Efficacy terhadap Financial Behavior Entrepreneur Lulusan Perguruan Tinggi di Surabaya’, Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen.
Prameswari, A. P. (2020). Student’s Financial Knowledge and Financial Resilience.
Rahma, F. A., & Susanti, S. (2022). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Financial Self Efficacy dan Fintech Payment terhadap Manajemen Keuangan Pribadi Mahasiswa. EDUKATIF : JURNAL ILMU PENDIDIKAN, 4(3), 3236–3247. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i3.2690
Rahmania, F. A., & Tasaufi, M. N. F. (2020). Terapi Kelompok Suportif untuk Menurunkan Quarter-Life Crisis pada Individu Dewasa Awal di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. 2.
Rieger, M. O. (2020). How to Measure Financial Literacy? Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(12), 324. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13120324
Rizkiawati, & Asandimitra. (2018). Pengaruh Demografi, Financial Knowledge, Financial Attitude, Locus of Control Dan Financial Self-Efficacy Terhadap Financial Management Behavior Masyarakat Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen (JIM), 6(3). 6.
Salignac, F., Marjolin, A., Reeve, R., & Muir, K. (2019). Conceptualizing and Measuring Financial Resilience: A Multidimensional Framework. Social Indicators Research, 145(1), 17–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02100-4
Sari, M. A. P. (2021). PROGRAM STUDI PSIKOLOGI FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA 202.
Setyorini, N., Indiworo, R. H. E., & Sutrisno, S. (2021). The Role Financial Literacy and Financial Planning to Increase Financial Resilience: Household Behaviour as Mediating Variable. Media Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 36(2), 243. https://doi.org/10.24856/mem.v36i2.2179
Sinaga, R. A., & Chen, Y.-S. (2021). The Effect of Income and Job Type on Students’ Self-Efficacy and Achievement of Migrant Workers in Taiwan.
Streeter, M., & Lusardi, A. (2021). How to Strengthen Household Financial Resilience.
Sucianah, A., & Yuhertiana, I. (2021). Gender Memoderasi Financial Literacy dan Financial Behavior terhadap Ketahanan Keuangan Rumah Tangga Milenial Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Proaksi, 8(2), 428–438. https://doi.org/10.32534/jpk.v8i2.2020
Susanti, A., Ismunawan, ., Pardi, ., & Ardyan, E. (2018). Tingkat Pendidikan, Literasi Keuangan, dan Perencanaan Keuangan terhadap Perilaku Keuangan UMKM di Surakarta. Telaah Bisnis, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.35917/tb.v18i1.93
Tahir, M. S., Shahid, A. U., & Richards, D. W. (2022). The role of impulsivity and financial satisfaction in a moderated mediation model of consumer financial resilience and life satisfaction. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 40(4), 773–790. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-09-2021-0407
Ulumudiniati, M., & Asandimitra, N. (2022). Pengaruh Financial Literacy, Financial Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, Parental Income, Dan Love Of Money terhadap Financial Management Behavior: Lifestyle sebagai Mediasi.
Vuong, Q.-H. (2022). Mindsponge Theory [Preprint]. Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/hd6g7
Wibowo, A. S. (2017). Matra Kehidupan Sebuah Refleksi Melawati Fresh Graduate Syndrome & Quarter Life Crisis. PT Elex Media Komputindo.
Widiawati. (2020). Pengaruh Literasi Keuangan, Locus of Control, Financial Self Efficacy, dan Love of Money terhadap Manajemen Keuangan Pribadi. Prisma (Platfrom Riset Mahasiswa Akuntasi).
Yuesti, A., Rustiarini, N. W., & Suryandari, N. N. A. (2020). Financial literacy in the COVID-19 pandemic: Pressure conditions in Indonesia. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 8(1), 884–898. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2020.8.1(59)
Yusup, D. K., Jubaedah, D., & Saepullah, U. (2020). Pengaruh Income dan Latte Factor Terhadap Daya Tahan Keuangan.
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Published
2023-12-01
How to Cite
Hendri, H., & Usman, U. (2023). FINANCIAL RESILIENCE IN THE QUARTER-LIFE CRISIS PHASE GROUP: ANALYSIS OF THE ROLES OF FINANCIAL LITERACY, FINANCIAL PLANNING, SELF-EFFICACY AND INCOME. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 7(3), 1402-1419. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v7i3.3538
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Articles
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